Search results for "Oxidative Metabolism"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Biceps brachii muscle oxygenation in electrical muscle stimulation
2010
The purpose of this study was to compare between electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and maximal voluntary (VOL) isometric contractions of the elbow flexors for changes in biceps brachii muscle oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index, TOI) and haemodynamics (total haemoglobin volume, tHb = oxygenated-Hb + deoxygenated-Hb) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The biceps brachii muscle of 10 healthy men (23-39 years) was electrically stimulated at high frequency (75 Hz) via surface electrodes to evoke 50 intermittent (4-s contraction, 15-s relaxation) isometric contractions at maximum tolerated current level (EMS session). The contralateral arm performed 50 intermittent (4-s contrac…
Myostatin/activin blocking combined with exercise reconditions skeletal muscle expression profile of mdx mice
2015
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by muscle wasting and decreased aerobic metabolism. Exercise and blocking of myostatin/activin signaling may independently or combined counteract muscle wasting and dystrophies. The effects of myostatin/activin blocking using soluble activin receptor-Fc (sActRIIB-Fc) administration and wheel running were tested alone or in combination for seven weeks in dystrophic mdx mice. Expression microarray analysis revealed decreased aerobic metabolism in the gastrocnemius muscle of mdx mice compared to healthy mice. This was not due to reduced home-cage physical activity, and was further downregulated upon sActRIIB-Fc treatment in enlarged muscles. However…
Analysis of thiamine transporter genes in sporadic beriberi
2014
Abstract Objective Thiamine or vitamin B 1 deficiency diminishes thiamine-dependent enzymatic activity, alters mitochondrial function, impairs oxidative metabolism, and causes selective neuronal death. We analyzed for the first time, the role of all known mutations within three specific thiamine carrier genes, SLC19 A2, SLC19 A3 , and SLC25 A19 , in a patient with atrophic beriberi, a multiorgan nutritional disease caused by thiamine deficiency. Methods A 44-year-old male alcoholic patient from Morocco developed massive bilateral leg edema, a subacute sensorimotor neuropathy, and incontinence. Despite normal vitamin B 1 serum levels, his clinical picture was rapidly reverted by high-dose in…
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF DRUG METABOLISM
1977
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the developmental aspects of drug metabolism and those of other biological phenomena that are twofold. Development is described by examining various species of different levels of biological evolution or by studying the ontogenetic evolvement of the features in question in one animal species or groups of related species. A review on diene-organochlorine insecticides epitomizes the fact that insects, birds, and fish possess the enzymatic mechanisms for epoxidation of these insecticides to only a slightly less degree than do mammals. Thus, the ability to oxidize foreign compounds does not seem to be restricted to animals of higher organization, and con…
All-Atom simulations disclose how cytochrome reductase reshapes the substrate access/egress routes of its partner cyp450s
2020
Cytochromes P450 enzymes (CYP450s) promote the oxidative metabolism of a variety of substrates via the electrons supplied by the cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and upon formation of a CPR/CYP450 adduct. In spite of the pivotal regulatory importance of this process, the impact of CPR binding on the functional properties of its partner CYP450 remains elusive. By performing multiple microsecond-long all-Atom molecular dynamics simulations of a 520â »000-Atom model of a CPR/CYP450 adduct embedded in a membrane mimic, we disclose the molecular terms for their interactions, considering the aromatase (HA) enzyme as a proxy of the CYP450 family. Our study strikingly unveils that CPR binding alters…
Aerobic Metabolism: Benefits from an Oxygenated World
2010
In the preceding chapter, we have emphasized the dangers that the advent of dioxygen presented to the existing anaerobic organisms, and the ways they evolved to deal with the problems. However, this is only part of the story and were it to have ended here, we and the world we know would not exist. What happened instead was quite remarkable; for life seized upon an opportunity presented by the presence of free dioxygen to become many-fold more efficient in extracting energy from foodstuffs. As we shall see, this aerobic, oxidative metabolism opened in turn a multitude of new opportunities for growth and diversification.
La concentración sanguínea de PGC-1a predice miocardio salvado y remodelado ventricular tras infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST
2015
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Studies on the mechanism of PMN activation III. by lymphokines.
1983
The influence of a guinea pig lymphokine preparation on the oxidative metabolism of human and guinea pig granulocytes of various sources was investigated. A dose-dependent increase of the oxidative burst following lymphokine challenge was observed. It occurred in unstimulated guinea pig peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and in prestimulated PMN obtained from the peritoneal cavity after glycogen injection as well. The lymphokine effect on the oxidative metabolism is not species-restricted because the guinea pig lymphokine preparation elicits an oxidative burst in human PMN, too. The increase caused by lymphokines is nearly of the same order of magnitude as that obtained with zymo…
Comparative diazinon toxicity in guppy and zebra fish: Different role of oxidative metabolism
1993
Guppies pretreated with 1.1 μmol/L diazinon (0.5 times the LC50 with the guppy) for 7 d were less susceptible to the toxicity of the compound. The LC50 in these fish was about five times higher than that in nonpretreated animals. The lethal body burden and the slope of the concentration-response curve of diazinon in pretreated guppies were similar to those in zebra fish. The 7-d pretreatment of zebra fish with 12 μmol/L diazinon (0.5 times the LC50 with the zebra fish) did not affect the susceptibility of this species to diazinon. The pretreatment of guppies resulted in a strong inhibition of the formation of diazoxon and pyrimidinol during incubations of diazinon with the hepatic postmitoc…